Selected extracts from the “Comprehensive LATEX symbol list”

Introduction

This file consists in extracts of the Comprehensive list of LATEX symbols. Il also serves as a test of UTF-8 output encoding.

1  Body-text symbols


Table 1: LaTeX2e Escapable “Special” Characters
      $  \$      %  \%            _  \_ *      }  \}            &  \&      #  \#            {  \{



*
The underscore package redefines “_” to produce an underscore in text mode (i.e., it makes it unnecessary to escape the underscore character).


Table 2: Predefined LaTeX2e Text-mode Commands
      ^  \textasciicircum      <  \textless
      ~  \textasciitilde      ª  \textordfeminine
      ∗  \textasteriskcentered      º  \textordmasculine
      \  \textbackslash      ¶  \textparagraph*
      |  \textbar      ·  \textperiodcentered
      {  \textbraceleft*      ¿  \textquestiondown
      }  \textbraceright*      “  \textquotedblleft
      •  \textbullet      ”  \textquotedblright
      ©  \textcopyright*      ‘  \textquoteleft
      †  \textdagger*      ’  \textquoteright
      ‡  \textdaggerdbl*      ®  \textregistered
      $  \textdollar*      §  \textsection*
      …  \textellipsis*      £  \textsterling*
      —  \textemdash      ™  \texttrademark
      –  \textendash      _  \textunderscore*
      ¡  \textexclamdown      ␣  \textvisiblespace
      >  \textgreater



Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LaTeX2e provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes available.



*
It’s generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.


Table 3: LaTeX2e Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
      $  \$      _  \_      ‡  \ddag            {  \{
      ¶  \P      ©  \copyright      …  \dots            }  \}
      §  \S      †  \dag      £  \pounds      



Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LaTeX2e provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes available.


Table 4: Non-ASCII Letters (Excluding Accented Letters)
      å  \aa      Ð  \DH*         Ł  \L      ø  \o         ß  \ss
      Å  \AA      ð  \dh*         ł  \l      Ø  \O         SS  \SS
      Æ  \AE      Đ  \DJ*         Ŋ  \NG*      Œ  \OE         Þ  \TH*
      æ  \ae      đ  \dj*         ŋ  \ng*      œ  \oe         þ  \th*



*
Not available in the OT1 font encoding. Use the fontenc package to select an alternate font encoding, such as T1.


Table 5: Punctuation Marks Not Found in OT1
      «  \guillemotleft      ‹  \guilsinglleft      „  \quotedblbase      "  \textquotedbl
      »  \guillemotright      ›  \guilsinglright      ‚  \quotesinglbase


To get these symbols, use the fontenc package to select an alternate font encoding, such as T1.


Table 6: textcomp Diacritics
       ̋  \textacutedbl      ˇ  \textasciicaron      ¯  \textasciimacron
      ´  \textasciiacute      ¨  \textasciidieresis       ̏  \textgravedbl
      ˘  \textasciibreve      `  \textasciigrave



The textcomp package defines all of the above as ordinary characters, not as accents.


Table 7: textcomp Currency Symbols
      ฿  \textbaht      $  \textdollar*      ₲  \textguarani      ₩  \textwon
      ¢  \textcent    “\textdollaroldstyle” not available      ₤  \textlira      ¥  \textyen
    “\textcentoldstyle” not available      ₫  \textdong      ₦  \textnaira
      ₡  \textcolonmonetary      €  \texteuro      ₱  \textpeso
      ¤  \textcurrency      ƒ  \textflorin      £  \textsterling*



*
It’s generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.


Table 8: textcomp Legal Symbols
      ℗  \textcircledP      ©  \textcopyright      ℠  \textservicemark    
    “\textcopyleft” not available      ®  \textregistered      ™  \texttrademark    



Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LaTeX2e provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes available.


 See http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=tradesyms for solutions to common problems that occur when using these symbols (e.g., getting a “ⓡ” when you expected to get a “®”).


Table 9: Miscellaneous textcomp Symbols
      ∗  \textasteriskcentered      ª  \textordfeminine
      ‖  \textbardbl      º  \textordmasculine
      ◯  \textbigcircle      ¶  \textparagraph*
    “\textblank” not available      ·  \textperiodcentered
      ¦  \textbrokenbar      ‱  \textpertenthousand
      •  \textbullet      ‰  \textperthousand
      †  \textdagger*      ¶  \textpilcrow
      ‡  \textdaggerdbl*      '  \textquotesingle
      =  \textdblhyphen    “\textquotestraightbase” not available
      =  \textdblhyphenchar    “\textquotestraightdblbase” not available
      ⁒  \textdiscount      ℞  \textrecipe
      ℮  \textestimated      ※  \textreferencemark
      ‽  \textinterrobang      §  \textsection*
    “\textinterrobangdown” not available    “\textthreequartersemdash” not available
      ♪  \textmusicalnote      ˷  \texttildelow
      №  \textnumero    “\texttwelveudash” not available
      ○  \textopenbullet



Where two symbols are present, the left one is the “faked” symbol that LaTeX2e provides by default, and the right one is the “true” symbol that textcomp makes available.



*
It’s generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.


Table 10: Text-mode Accents
    Ää  \"{A}\"{a}    Àà  \`{A}\`{a}       Ạạ  \d{A}\d{a}    Åå  \r{A}\r{a}   
    Áá  \'{A}\'{a}    “\|” not available‡       “\G” not available‡    “\t” not available   
    Ȧȧ  \.{A}\.{a}    Ãã  \~{A}\~{a}       “\h” not available§    Ăă  \u{A}\u{a}   
    Āā  \={A}\={a}    Aa  \b{A}\b{a}       Őő  \H{O}\H{o}    “\U” not available‡   
    Ââ  \^{A}\^{a}    Çç  \c{C}\c{c}       Ąą  \k{A}\k{a}    Ǎǎ  \v{A}\v{a}   


    “\newtie” not available*    Ⓐⓐ  \textcircled{A}\textcircled{a}   



*
Requires the textcomp package.


Not available in the OT1 font encoding. Use the fontenc package to select an alternate font encoding, such as T1.


Requires the T4 font encoding, provided by the fc package.


§
Requires the T5 font encoding, provided by the vntex package.



Also note the existence of \i and \j, which produce dotless versions of “i” and “j” (viz., “i” and “j”). These are useful when the accent is supposed to replace the dot. For example, “na\"{\i}ve” produces a correct “naïve”, while “na\"{i}ve” would yield the rather odd-looking “naïve”. (“na\"{i}vedoes work in encodings other than OT1, however.)

2  Symbols for maths


Table 11: Math-Mode Versions of Text Symbols
      $  \mathdollar      ¶  \mathparagraph      £  \mathsterling
      …  \mathellipsis      §  \mathsection      _  \mathunderscore



It’s generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.


Table 12: Binary Operators
      ⨿  \amalg      ∪  \cup      ⊕  \oplus      ×  \times
      ∗  \ast      †  \dagger      ⊘  \oslash      ◁  \triangleleft
      ◯  \bigcirc      ‡  \ddagger      ⊗  \otimes      ▷  \triangleright
      ▽  \bigtriangledown      ⋄  \diamond      ±  \pm      ⊴  \unlhd*
      △  \bigtriangleup      ÷  \div      ▷  \rhd*      ⊵  \unrhd*
      •  \bullet      ◁  \lhd*      ∖  \setminus      ⊎  \uplus
      ∩  \cap      ∓  \mp      ⊓  \sqcap      ∨  \vee
      ·  \cdot      ⊙  \odot      ⊔  \sqcup      ∧  \wedge
      ∘  \circ      ⊖  \ominus      ⋆  \star      ≀  \wr



*
Not predefined in LaTeX2e. Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.


Table 13: Variable-sized Math Operators
      
∩    \bigcap
      
⊗    \bigotimes
      
∧    \bigwedge
          
∏    \prod
      
∪    \bigcup
      
⊔    \bigsqcup
      
∐    \coprod
          
∑    \sum
      
⊙    \bigodot
      
⊎    \biguplus
      
∫    \int
    
      
⊕    \bigoplus
      
∨    \bigvee
      
∮    \oint
    


Table 14: Binary Relations
      ≈  \approx      ≡  \equiv      ⊥  \perp      ‿  \smile
      ≍  \asymp      ⁀  \frown      ≺  \prec      ≻  \succ
      ⋈  \bowtie      ⑅  \Join*      ≼  \preceq      ≽  \succeq
      ≅  \cong      ∣  \mid      ∝  \propto      ⊢  \vdash
      ⊣  \dashv      ⊨  \models      ∼  \sim
      ≐  \doteq      ∥  \parallel      ≃  \simeq



*
Not predefined in LaTeX2e. Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb, mathabx, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.


Table 15: Subset and Superset Relations
      ⊏  \sqsubset*      ⊒  \sqsupseteq      ⊃  \supset
      ⊑  \sqsubseteq      ⊂  \subset      ⊇  \supseteq
      ⊐  \sqsupset*      ⊆  \subseteq



*
Not predefined in LaTeX2e. Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb, mathabx, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.


Table 16: Inequalities
      ≥  \geq      ≫  \gg      ≤  \leq      ≪  \ll      ≠  \neq


Table 17: Arrows
      ⇓  \Downarrow      ←—  \longleftarrow      ↖  \nwarrow
      ↓  \downarrow      ⇐=  \Longleftarrow      ⇒  \Rightarrow
      ↩  \hookleftarrow      ←→  \longleftrightarrow      →  \rightarrow
      ↪  \hookrightarrow      ⇐⇒  \Longleftrightarrow      ↘  \searrow
      ↝  \leadsto*      ⊢→  \longmapsto      ↙  \swarrow
      ←  \leftarrow      =⇒  \Longrightarrow      ↑  \uparrow
      ⇐  \Leftarrow      —→  \longrightarrow      ⇑  \Uparrow
      ⇔  \Leftrightarrow      ↦  \mapsto      ↕  \updownarrow
      ↔  \leftrightarrow      ↗  \nearrow      ⇕  \Updownarrow



*
Not predefined in LaTeX2e. Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.



See the note beneath Table 28 for information about how to put a diagonal arrow across a mathematical expression.


Table 18: Harpoons
      ↽  \leftharpoondown      ⇁  \rightharpoondown      ⇌  \rightleftharpoons
      ↼  \leftharpoonup      ⇀  \rightharpoonup


Table 19: Extension Characters
      ⎯  \relbar      =  \Relbar


Table 20: Log-like Symbols
    \arccos    \cos    \csc    \exp    \ker    \limsup    \min    \sinh
    \arcsin    \cosh    \deg    \gcd    \lg    \ln    \Pr    \sup
    \arctan    \cot    \det    \hom    \lim    \log    \sec    \tan
    \arg    \coth    \dim    \inf    \liminf    \max    \sin    \tanh



Calling the above “symbols” may be a bit misleading.1 Each log-like symbol merely produces the eponymous textual equivalent, but with proper surrounding spacing. As \bmod and \pmod are arguably not symbols we refer the reader to the Short Math Guide for latex  for samples.


Table 21: textcomp Text-mode Arrows
      ↓  \textdownarrow      →  \textrightarrow
      ←  \textleftarrow      ↑  \textuparrow


Table 22: Math-mode Accents
    á  \acute{a}    ǎ  \check{a}    à  \grave{a}    ã  \tilde{a}
    ā  \bar{a}    “\ddot” not available     â  \hat{a}    “\vec
” not available    ă  \breve{a}    ȧ  \dot{a}    å  \mathring{a}



Also note the existence of \imath and \jmath, which produce dotless versions of “i” and “j”. (See Table 33.) These are useful when the accent is supposed to replace the dot. For example, “\hat{\imath}” produces a correct “ î ”, while “\hat{i}” would yield the rather odd-looking “ î ”.


Table 23: Greek Letters
      α  \alpha      θ  \theta      o  o      τ  \tau
      β  \beta      ϑ  \vartheta      π  \pi      υ  \upsilon
      γ  \gamma      ι  \iota      ϖ  \varpi      φ  \phi
      δ  \delta      κ  \kappa      ρ  \rho      ϕ  \varphi
      є  \epsilon      λ  \lambda      ϱ  \varrho      χ  \chi
      ε  \varepsilon      µ  \mu      σ  \sigma      ψ  \psi
      ζ  \zeta      ν  \nu      ς  \varsigma      ω  \omega
      η  \eta      ξ  \xi
 
      Γ  \Gamma      Λ  \Lambda      Σ  \Sigma      Ψ  \Psi
      Δ  \Delta      Ξ  \Xi      Υ  \Upsilon      Ω  \Omega
      Θ  \Theta      Π  \Pi      Φ  \Phi



The remaining Greek majuscules can be produced with ordinary Latin letters. The symbol “M”, for instance, is used for both an uppercase “m” and an uppercase “µ”.


Table 24: Letter-like Symbols
      ⊥  \bot      ∀  \forall      i  \imath      ∋  \ni      ⊤  \top
      ℓ  \ell      ℏ  \hbar      ∈  \in      ∂  \partial      ℘  \wp
      ∃  \exists      ℑ  \Im      j  \jmath      ℜ  \Re


Table 25: Variable-sized Delimiters
      
↓  


1
2
3
  \downarrow
      
⇓  


1
2
3
  \Downarrow
      
[  


1
2
3
  [
          
]  


1
2
3
  ]
      
⟨  


1
2
3
  \langle
      
⟩  


1
2
3
  \rangle
      
|  


1
2
3
  |
*
          
||  ⎪⎪
⎪⎪
⎪⎪
⎪⎪
1
2
3
  \|
      
⌈  


1
2
3
  \lceil
      
⌉  


1
2
3
  \rceil
      
↑  


1
2
3
  \uparrow
          
⇑  


1
2
3
  \Uparrow
      
⌊  


1
2
3
  \lfloor
      
⌋  


1
2
3
  \rfloor
      
↕  


1
2
3
  \updownarrow
          
⇕  


1
2
3
  \Updownarrow
      
(  


1
2
3
  (
      
)  


1
2
3
  )
      
{  



1
2
3
  \{
          
}  



1
2
3
  \}
      
/  /
/
/
/
1
2
3
  /
      
\  \
\
\
\
1
2
3
  \backslash



When used with \left and \right, these symbols expand to the height of the enclosed math expression. Note that \vert is a synonym for |, and \Vert is a synonym for \|.



*
ε-TEX provides a \middle analogue to \left and \right that can be used to make an internal “|” (often used to indicate “evaluated at”) expand to the height of the surrounding \left and \right symbols. A similar effect can be achieved in conventional latexusing the braket package.


Table 26: Large, Variable-sized Delimiters
      
⎰  


1
2
3
  \lmoustache
      
⎱  


1
2
3
  \rmoustache
      
(  


1
2
3
  \lgroup
          
)  


1
2
3
  \rgroup
      
|  


1
2
3
  \arrowvert
      
∥  ⎪⎪
⎪⎪
⎪⎪
⎪⎪
1
2
3
  \Arrowvert
      
|  


1
2
3
  \bracevert
    



These symbols must be used with \left and \right. The ABX package, however, redefines \lgroup and \rgroup so that those symbols can work without \left and \right.


Table 27: textcomp Text-mode Delimiters
      〈  \textlangle      〉  \textrangle
      ⟦  \textlbrackdbl      ⟧  \textrbrackdbl
    “\textlquill” not available    “\textrquill” not available


Table 28: Extensible Accents
    “\widetilde*” not available    “\widehat*” not available
    
No  

abc
 
  \overleftarrow{abc}
    
No  

abc
 
  \overrightarrow{abc}
    
abc  
abc
  \overline{abc}
    
abc  
abc
  \underline{abc}
    
No  


abcdwxyz
 
  \overbrace{abcd⋯wxyz}
    
No  
 
abcdwxyz


  \underbrace{abcd⋯wxyz}
    
abc  
abc
  \sqrt{abc}



As demonstrated in a 1997 TUGboat article about typesetting long-division problems , an extensible long-division sign (“ )abc ”) can be faked by putting a “\big)” in a tabular environment with an \hline or \cline in the preceding row. The article also presents a piece of code (uploaded to CTAN as longdiv.tex) that automatically solves and typesets—by putting an \overline atop “\big)” and the desired text—long-division problems. See also the polynom package, which automatically solves and typesets polynomial-division problems in a similar manner.

If you’re looking for an extensible diagonal line or arrow to be used for canceling or reducing mathematical subexpressions then consider using the cancel package.



With an optional argument, \sqrt typesets nth roots. For example, “\sqrt[3]{abc}” produces “∛abc ” and “\sqrt[n]{abc}” produces “(abc)1/n ”.


Table 29: Dots
      ·  \cdotp      ∶  \colon*          .  \ldotp      ⋮  \vdots    
      ⋯  \cdots      ⋱  \ddots          …  \ldots



*
While “:” is valid in math mode, \colon uses different surrounding spacing.


Table 30: Miscellaneous textcomp Text-mode Math Symbols
      °  \textdegree*      ½  \textonehalf      ¾  \textthreequarters
      ÷  \textdiv      ¼  \textonequarter      ³  \textthreesuperior
      ⁄  \textfractionsolidus      ¹  \textonesuperior      ×  \texttimes
      ¬  \textlnot      ±  \textpm      ²  \texttwosuperior
      -  \textminus      √  \textsurd



*
If you prefer a larger degree symbol you might consider defining one as “\ensuremath{^\circ}” (“”).


Table 31: textcomp Text-mode Science and Engineering Symbols
      ℃  \textcelsius      ℧  \textmho      µ  \textmu      Ω  \textohm


Table 32: textcomp Genealogical Symbols
      ⋆  \textborn      ⚮  \textdivorced      ⚭  \textmarried
      ⚰  \textdied    “\textleaf” not available


Table 33: Miscellaneous LaTeX2e Math Symbols
      ℵ  \aleph      ◇  \Diamond*      ∞  \infty      ′  \prime
      ∠  \angle      ♦  \diamondsuit      ℧  \mho*      ♯  \sharp
      \  \backslash      ∅  \emptyset      ∇  \nabla      ♠  \spadesuit
      □  \Box*,†      ♭  \flat      ♮  \natural      √  \surd
      ♣  \clubsuit      ♥  \heartsuit      ¬  \neg      △  \triangle



*
Not predefined in LaTeX2e. Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.



To use \Box—or any other symbol—as an end-of-proof (Q.E.D.) marker, consider using the ntheorem package, which properly juxtaposes a symbol with the end of the proof text.

AMS symbols


Table 34: AMS Commands Defined to Work in Both Math and Text Mode
      ✓  \checkmark      ®  \circledR          ✠  \maltese


Table 35: AMS Binary Operators
      ⊼  \barwedge      ⊚  \circledcirc      ⊺  \intercal
      ⊡  \boxdot      ⊝  \circleddash      ⋋  \leftthreetimes
      ⊟  \boxminus      ⋓  \Cup      ⋉  \ltimes
      ⊞  \boxplus      ⋎  \curlyvee      ⋌  \rightthreetimes
      ⊠  \boxtimes      ⋏  \curlywedge      ⋊  \rtimes
      ⋒  \Cap      ⋇  \divideontimes      ﹨  \smallsetminus
      ·  \centerdot      ∔  \dotplus      ⊻  \veebar
      ⊛  \circledast      ⌆  \doublebarwedge


Table 36: AMS Variable-sized Math Operators
      
∬    \iint
      
∭    \iiint
      
⨌    \iiiint
      
∫⋯∫    \idotsint


Table 37: AMS Binary Relations
      ≊  \approxeq      ≖  \eqcirc      ≿  \succapprox
      ∍  \backepsilon      ≒  \fallingdotseq      ≽  \succcurlyeq
      ∽  \backsim      ⊸  \multimap      ≿  \succsim
      ⋍  \backsimeq      ⋔  \pitchfork      ∴  \therefore
      ∵  \because      ≾  \precapprox    “\thickapprox” not available
      ≬  \between      ≼  \preccurlyeq    “\thicksim” not available
      ≎  \Bumpeq      ≾  \precsim      ∝  \varpropto
      ≏  \bumpeq      ≓  \risingdotseq      ⊩  \Vdash
      ≗  \circeq    “\shortmid” not available      ⊨  \vDash
      ⋞  \curlyeqprec    “\shortparallel” not available      ⊪  \Vvdash
      ⋟  \curlyeqsucc    “\smallfrown” not available 
      ≑  \doteqdot    “\smallsmile” not available 


Table 38: AMS Negated Binary Relations
      ≇  \ncong    “\nshortparallel” not available      ⊯  \nVDash
      ∤  \nmid      ≁  \nsim      ⋨  \precnapprox
      ∦  \nparallel      ⊁  \nsucc      ⋨  \precnsim
      ⊀  \nprec      ⋡  \nsucceq      ⋩  \succnapprox
      ⋠  \npreceq      ⊭  \nvDash      ⋩  \succnsim
    “\nshortmid” not available      ⊬  \nvdash


Table 39: AMS Subset and Superset Relations
      ⊈  \nsubseteq      ⫅  \subseteqq      ⫌  \supsetneqq
      ⊉  \nsupseteq      ⊊  \subsetneq    “\varsubsetneq” not available
    “\nsupseteqq” not available      ⫋  \subsetneqq    “\varsubsetneqq” not available
      ⊏  \sqsubset      ⋑  \Supset    “\varsupsetneq” not available
      ⊐  \sqsupset      ⫆  \supseteqq    “\varsupsetneqq” not available
      ⋐  \Subset      ⊋  \supsetneq


Table 40: AMS Inequalities
      ⋝  \eqslantgtr      ⋗  \gtrdot      ⋚  \lesseqgtr      ≱  \ngeq
      ⋜  \eqslantless      ⋛  \gtreqless      ⪋  \lesseqqgtr    “\ngeqq” not available
      ≧  \geqq      ⪌  \gtreqqless      ≶  \lessgtr    “\ngeqslant” not available
      ⩾  \geqslant      ≷  \gtrless      ≲  \lesssim      ≯  \ngtr
      ⋙  \ggg      ≳  \gtrsim      ⋘  \lll      ≰  \nleq
      ⪊  \gnapprox    “\gvertneqq” not available      ⪇  \lnapprox    “\nleqq” not available
      ⪈  \gneq      ≦  \leqq      ⪇  \lneq    “\nleqslant” not available
      ≩  \gneqq      ⩽  \leqslant      ≨  \lneqq      ≮  \nless
      ⋧  \gnsim      ≲  \lessapprox      ⋦  \lnsim 
      ≳  \gtrapprox      ⋖  \lessdot    “\lvertneqq” not available 


Table 41: AMS Triangle Relations
      ◂  \blacktriangleleft      ⋬  \ntrianglelefteq      ⊴  \trianglelefteq      ⊲  \vartriangleleft
      ▸  \blacktriangleright      ⋫  \ntriangleright      ≜  \triangleq      ⊳  \vartriangleright
      ⋪  \ntriangleleft      ⋭  \ntrianglerighteq      ⊵  \trianglerighteq


Table 42: AMS Arrows
      ↺  \circlearrowleft      ⇇  \leftleftarrows      ⇄  \rightleftarrows
      ↻  \circlearrowright      ⇆  \leftrightarrows      ⇉  \rightrightarrows
      ↶  \curvearrowleft      ↭  \leftrightsquigarrow      ⇝  \rightsquigarrow
      ↷  \curvearrowright      ⇚  \Lleftarrow      ↱  \Rsh
      ⇠  \dashleftarrow      ↫  \looparrowleft      ↞  \twoheadleftarrow
      ⇢  \dashrightarrow      ↬  \looparrowright      ↠  \twoheadrightarrow
      ⇊  \downdownarrows      ↰  \Lsh      ⇈  \upuparrows
      ↢  \leftarrowtail      ↣  \rightarrowtail 


Table 43: AMS Negated Arrows
      ⇍  \nLeftarrow      ⇎  \nLeftrightarrow      ⇏  \nRightarrow
      ↚  \nleftarrow      ↮  \nleftrightarrow      ↛  \nrightarrow


Table 44: AMS Harpoons
      ⇃  \downharpoonleft      ⇋  \leftrightharpoons      ↿  \upharpoonleft
      ⇂  \downharpoonright      ⇌  \rightleftharpoons      ↾  \upharpoonright


Table 45: AMS Log-like Symbols
      inj lim  \injlim    “\varinjlim” not available          lim  \varlimsup
      proj lim  \projlim      lim  \varliminf        “\varprojlim” not available



Load the amsmath package to get these symbols. As \mod and \pod are arguably not symbols we refer the reader to the Short Math Guide for latex  for samples.


Table 46: AMS Greek Letters
      Ϝ  \digamma      ϰ  \varkappa


Table 47: AMS Hebrew Letters
      ℶ  \beth      ℷ  \gimel      ℸ  \daleth



\aleph appears in Table 33.


Table 48: AMS Letter-like Symbols
      ƙ  \Bbbk      ∁  \complement      ℏ  \hbar
      ®  \circledR      Ⅎ  \Finv      ℏ  \hslash
      Ⓢ  \circledS      อ  \Game      ∄  \nexists


Table 49: AMS Delimiters
      ⌜  \ulcorner      ⌝  \urcorner
      ⌞  \llcorner      ⌟  \lrcorner


Table 50: AMS Variable-sized Delimiters
      
|  


1
2
3
  \lvert
      
|  


1
2
3
  \rvert
      
∥  ⎪⎪
⎪⎪
⎪⎪
⎪⎪
1
2
3
  \lVert
      
∥  ⎪⎪
⎪⎪
⎪⎪
⎪⎪
1
2
3
  \rVert


According to the amsmath documentation , the preceding symbols are intended to be used as delimiters (e.g., as in “| −z |”) while the \vert and \Vert symbols (Table 25) are intended to be used as operators (e.g., as in “p | q”).


Table 51: AMS Math-mode Accents
    “\dddot” not available     “\ddddot  
” not available



These accents are also provided by the ABX package.


Table 52: AMS Extensible Accents
    
No  

abcxyz
 
  \overleftrightarrow{abc⋯xyz}
        
No  
 
abcxyz

  \underleftrightarrow{abc⋯xyz}
    
No  
 
abc

  \underleftarrow{abc}
        
No  
 
abc

  \underrightarrow{abc}
The following are a sort of “reverse accent” in that the argument text serves as a superscript to the arrow. In addition, the optional first argument (not shown) serves as a subscript to the arrow. See the Short Math Guide for latex  for further examples.
     
    
No  
  abc  

     
  \xleftarrow{abc}
        
No  
  abc  

     
  \xrightarrow{abc}


Table 53: AMS Dots
      ⋯  \dotsb      ⋯  \dotsi          …  \dotso
      …  \dotsc      ⋯  \dotsm    



The AMS dot symbols are named according to their intended usage: \dotsb between pairs of binary operators/relations, \dotsc between pairs of commas, \dotsi between pairs of integrals, \dotsm between pairs of multiplication signs, and \dotso between other symbol pairs.


Table 54: Miscellaneous AMS Math Symbols
      ∠  \angle      ▾  \blacktriangledown      ℧  \mho
      ‵  \backprime      /  \diagdown      ∢  \sphericalangle
      ★  \bigstar      \  \diagup      ▫  \square
      ✦  \blacklozenge      ð  \eth      ▿  \triangledown
      ▪  \blacksquare      ◊  \lozenge      ∅  \varnothing
      ▴  \blacktriangle      ∡  \measuredangle      ▵  \vartriangle


1
Michael J. Downes prefers the more general term, “atomic math objects”.

This document was translated from LATEX by HEVEA.